Practical perspectives from Sean H. Sobel on the law most often relevant to Ohio employees, Title IX participants, and the institutions that serve them.
The pieces Ohio employees open most often. The full archive, newest first, is below.
Being let go does not release you from an Ohio non-compete. What the courts actually weigh, and which arguments carry real weight after a layoff.
SeveranceYou signed and changed your mind. Whether you can undo it turns on your age, the seven-day ADEA revocation window, and what the release itself says.
Employment LawThere is no permanent record. What actually happens to a write-up, how long employers keep it, and whether it can be removed.
Employment LawOhio has no pregnancy disability leave statute. Four separate laws supply your leave, each with a different threshold and duration.
Employment LawWhat belongs in a rebuttal, what to leave out, and a one-page template you can adapt. Plus whether to sign the write-up.
Employment LawFMLA is federal, not Ohio law, and it is unpaid. Who actually qualifies, what Ohio adds, and your right to your job back.
Title IXThe notice arrives without warning and the early days decide the case. What to do, what not to say, and the rights your school owes you before you respond.
Title IXProfessional students are protected from pregnancy discrimination under Title IX: the right to leave, reinstatement to the same status, and accommodations programs often deny.
Employment LawOhio has no general anti-bullying law. When bullying does cross into unlawful harassment or retaliation, and what to do about it.
Title IXThe 2024 rule was vacated in January 2025, so the 2020 regulations govern. What that means for students, faculty, and schools.
Employment LawYour plan document controls, the fight over commissions after you leave, when commissions count as wages, and how to get paid what you earned.
Employment LawWhat Ohio's civil rights statute protects, what severe or pervasive means, what changed in 2021, and what the law does not cover.
Employment LawEmployment deadlines in Ohio are short and unforgiving. The EEOC, OCRC, R.C. 4112, FMLA, and whistleblower windows, and what starts the clock.
Higher EducationWhen a college cuts faculty through retrenchment, tenure, financial exigency, and the faculty handbook control. What protection you actually keep.
Teachers & SchoolsCoaching contracts are easy to nonrenew, but not for an unlawful reason. When a coaching nonrenewal crosses into retaliation or a Title IX problem.
School EmployeesAides, bus drivers, custodians, and other classified staff have real RIF and recall rights under R.C. 3319.081. What a lawful layoff must follow.
School EmployeesWhen a district abolishes an administrator's position or nonrenews a principal, R.C. 3319.02 and 3319.171 set the rules and the protections you keep.
Teachers & SchoolsHow recall order works, how long the rights last, and what to do if a district refills your role instead of recalling you.
Teachers & SchoolsWhat the June 1 deadline means, the evaluation rules a district must follow, and when a nonrenewal can still be challenged.
Title IXA teacher or coach whose role vanishes after a Title IX complaint may have a retaliation claim, not just a layoff.
Teachers & SchoolsThree different actions under three different Ohio statutes, each with its own rights and deadlines. How to tell which one you are facing.
Teachers & SchoolsHow Ohio teacher reductions in force work this year, the recall rights you keep, the deadlines that start now, and when a RIF is really something else.
Teachers & SchoolsA continuing contract gives real protection, but not full immunity from a RIF. What tenure does and does not shield, and where districts overreach.
Teachers & SchoolsThe documents to save, the deadlines that start now, and the first moves that protect an Ohio teacher's rights after a notice.
False Claims ActHow qui tam cases work under the False Claims Act: filing, the government's decision, treble damages, and the whistleblower's share of recovery.
False Claims ActHow a qui tam complaint is filed under seal, what the disclosure statement requires, how long the seal lasts, and why filing early matters.
Executive EmploymentHow physician and partner expulsions work in Ohio: the governing agreement, no-cause vs for-cause removal, buyout, non-competes, and your leverage.
Executive EmploymentWhy the cause definition in an executive agreement controls severance and equity, what good reason means, and how to contest a for-cause label.
False Claims ActSection 3730(h) of the False Claims Act protects whistleblowers fired or demoted for reporting fraud. What is protected and what you can recover.
Executive EmploymentFor executives, the cash severance line is the smallest part of the deal. How to negotiate equity, bonus, the cause label, and covenants before you sign.
Executive EmploymentExecutives face the most aggressive non-competes. How Ohio enforces them, what garden leave and forfeiture-for-competition really do, and how to negotiate.
Executive EmploymentWhat happens to your unvested RSUs and stock options when you leave a job, how acceleration and forfeiture work, and where the terms can be negotiated.
Executive EmploymentA plain guide to executive equity and deferred compensation: options, RSUs, the 83(b) election, nonqualified deferred comp, 409A, and what to protect.
Executive EmploymentHow change-in-control payouts work for executives, what the golden parachute rules under IRC 280G and 4999 do, and why gross-up versus cutback matters.
Title IXStudents often ask a trusted professor to be their Title IX advisor. Why that choice can quietly hurt both the student and the faculty member, and what to do instead.
Employment LawA write-up can be the first brick in a termination case, or evidence for yours. Whether to sign, how to respond, and when it may be unlawful.
Employment LawOhio protects whistleblowers, but only if you follow strict steps. The written report, the 24-hour rule, and how to keep your protection.
Employment LawThe warning signs are usually there before a termination. How to recognize them and what to do while you still have the job.
Employment LawReporting is protected, but the weeks after are when retaliation happens. How to protect yourself, and why the retaliation claim can be the stronger case.
Employment LawOhio is a one-party consent state, so you can often record a conversation you are part of. But legal does not mean smart. The rules and the real risks.
Employment LawIf your employer is stonewalling a disability, pregnancy, or medical accommodation, you have rights under the ADA, the PWFA, and R.C. 4112.
Employment LawA performance improvement plan is often the first step toward a termination, not a real path to keep your job. What a PIP means and what to do if you get one.
Age DiscriminationAge discrimination is almost never admitted out loud. The evidence, the fact patterns, and the deadlines that decide whether an Ohio worker 40 or older can prove a claim.
Age DiscriminationA group layoff over 40 comes with a required list of ages and job titles. How to read it for an age pattern, and when the list itself voids your severance waiver.
Age DiscriminationA retirement is only voluntary if it is truly a choice. When pressure to retire becomes constructive discharge or a disguised age-based termination under the ADEA and Ohio law.
Age DiscriminationMost Ohio age cases can be brought more than one way. How the choice between the federal ADEA, R.C. 4112.02, and R.C. 4112.14 changes your deadlines, damages, and fees.
Employment LawIn Ohio, unfair and illegal are not the same thing. The exceptions to at-will employment, discrimination, retaliation, public policy, and contract, and how these cases are actually proven.
Employment LawOhio is at-will, but FMLA, the ADA, workers' compensation, and pregnancy law create real exceptions. When a sickness-related firing crosses the line into illegal, and what to do about it.
Title IXTitle IX protects pregnant and parenting students from discrimination at school, from voluntary participation and excused medical absences to reasonable accommodations and lactation space. What students should know.
Employment LawWhen a salesperson closes a deal but is terminated before it pays out, Ohio's procuring cause doctrine provides a default right to the commission. But contract language often controls. The doctrine, forfeiture-clause rules, and R.C. 4113.15.
Employment LawIf your employer made conditions so intolerable that you had no real choice but to resign, you may have been constructively discharged. Ohio's standard, how it differs from the Sixth Circuit, and the deadline that runs from your resignation.
Title IXTitle IX applies to both K-12 schools and colleges, but the procedural framework, mandatory reporting, and liability standards differ significantly between the two settings. What students, families, and educators need to know.
Employment LawWhen a business is acquired or merged, employment claims do not always disappear. Federal law applies a substantial-continuity test that can make the successor liable for the predecessor's FMLA and Title VII violations.
Employment LawA reduction in force can be a legitimate business decision or a pretextual cover for unlawful termination. The pretext indicators that courts evaluate, the borrowed civil service framework, and discovery strategy for sham RIF cases.
Employment LawAn HR investigation often precedes termination. The strategic questions employees face when called into an investigation meeting, and the legal frameworks that govern what they must say.
Employment LawRevoking an employee's access to Slack, Google Workspace, Hudl, Salesforce, or other workplace tools after a complaint can be both retaliation and spoliation of evidence. The legal frameworks and what to document.
Public Employee RightsOhio police officers and firefighters whose OP&F disability benefits are reduced based on out-of-state physician file reviews may have mandamus remedies under R.C. 4731.34. The framework, the unlicensed-practice issue, and what to do.
Employment LawOhio's Greeley/Collins public-policy wrongful termination tort has a 4-year statute of limitations. When statutory employment claims have run, the common-law tort may still be available. The full framework and when the theory fits.
Teachers & AdministratorsPublic school teachers and administrators have First Amendment protection against retaliation, but the doctrine has been narrowed by Garcetti and reshaped by Kennedy v. Bremerton. The full framework with current Sixth Circuit case law.
Teachers & AdministratorsR.C. 3319.171 governs the abolishment of school administrative positions through reductions in force. The procedural requirements, the bona-fide-versus-pretextual analysis borrowed from civil service case law, and what administrators facing position abolishment should know.
Teachers & AdministratorsThe Ohio statute governing tenured teacher termination has specific procedural and substantive requirements. The full framework, recent case law, and what teachers facing charges need to know.
Title IXTitle IX litigation runs on five recurring scenarios. A practitioner-oriented overview of complainant claims, respondent challenges, retaliation, and damages, with current Sixth Circuit and Supreme Court authority.
Age DiscriminationThe Older Workers Benefit Protection Act sets strict requirements for severance agreements offered to employees age 40 and older. When those requirements are not met, the ADEA waiver is void.
Employment LawEEOC mediation is offered to most employees who file a charge. The decision to accept, how to prepare, and how to negotiate at the mediation matter more than most people realize.
Title IXWhere Title IX stands in May 2026: current OCR enforcement, the LAUSD investigation, pending Supreme Court cases, and forecasted federal rulemaking.
Title IXA 2026 audit guide for Title IX coordinators: policy review, training, athletics, parallel Title VI, and when to bring in outside investigators.
Title IXHow the 2020 and 2024 Title IX rules differ on harassment definitions, hearings, cross-examination, and procedural rights. What applies now and why.
Pregnancy DiscriminationAn update on Pregnant Workers Fairness Act litigation and the status of the PWFA abortion-accommodation provisions after recent federal court rulings.
Pregnancy DiscriminationThe PUMP Act gives most employees the right to break time and private space to pump at work. What Ohio workers are owed and how to enforce it.
Pregnancy DiscriminationFMLA leave rights for pregnancy and bonding with a new child, plus how FMLA interacts with the PWFA for Ohio employees. What you are entitled to.
Public Employee RightsPublic employees can sue for retaliation over protected speech. The Pickering-Garcetti framework for Ohio First Amendment retaliation claims.
Public Employee RightsOhio public employees hold rights private-sector workers lack, from due process before discipline to free-speech protection. Here is what they are.
Title IXRetaliation against Title IX participants is itself a violation. Who is protected, what counts as retaliation, and how a claim is built.
Title IXThe 2024 Title IX rule was vacated. What the current 2020 framework requires and what to expect from federal regulators next.
Public Employee RightsSection 1983 lets public employees sue for constitutional violations with no damages cap. How the statute works and when to use it.
Pregnancy DiscriminationThe PWFA requires employers to accommodate pregnancy-related conditions. How the law works, who is covered, and how to enforce your rights in Ohio.
Title IXThe Title IX hearing is where evidence is tested and cross-examination takes place. How hearings work and how to prepare for one.
Title IXA finding of responsibility triggers sanctions, transcript notations, and possible appeals. What to expect and how to respond.
SeveranceSeverance agreements are almost always negotiable. What to push back on, what to use as leverage, and how to get the right deal in Ohio.
Title IXDoes Title IX cover misconduct during study abroad and international programs? How jurisdiction works and what students and schools should expect.
Title IXHow Title IX protects student-athletes, from equal opportunity and scholarships to misconduct cases. What athletes and families should know.
Title IXBoth parties have the right to appeal a Title IX outcome. The grounds for appeal, the process, and what to do if you believe the decision was wrong.
Title IXFaculty Title IX cases involve tenure, employment law, and parallel proceedings. What professors and staff need to know if a complaint is filed.
Title IXReceiving a Title IX notice is the start of a formal process. The first 24 to 72 hours matter. What to do, what to avoid, and how to prepare.
RetaliationHow to prove workplace retaliation in Ohio: protected activity, causation, and the evidence that wins. A practical guide for employees who report.
Title IXTitle IX informal resolution can resolve a complaint without a hearing, but it is not always the right call. When it helps and when it does not.
Employment LawAfter the EEOC issues a right to sue letter, you have 90 days to file in federal court. What the letter means, the deadline, and how to act on it.
Title IXTitle IX applies to K-12 schools, but the procedural rules and stakes look different than in college cases. What parents and employees should know.
Pregnancy DiscriminationPregnancy discrimination protections for Ohio employees under the PDA, PWFA, and R.C. 4112, plus accommodations, leave rights, and how to push back.
Title IXEvery Title IX party can have an advisor. When that advisor should be an attorney, and what each role can and cannot do for you.
Public Employee RightsA Loudermill hearing gives public employees the right to respond before being fired. What the process involves, your rights, and why it matters.
Title IXBeing named a respondent in a Title IX proceeding is one of the most disorienting experiences a student or employee can face.
Title IXTitle IX for graduate students differs from undergrad: research labs, TA duties, and dual relationships create unique risks. What you should know.
Employment LawOhio is an at-will employment state, but at-will is not unlimited. What the rule actually means and the exceptions that make a firing illegal.
Title IXTitle IX investigations follow a structured process. What to expect at each stage, your rights, and how decisions are made.
Title IXTitle IX protects employees at higher-ed institutions, not just students. What faculty, staff, and administrators need to know.
Title IXWhat a Title IX advisor does, why having one matters for complainants and respondents, and how to choose someone who knows the process.
Non-CompeteOhio enforces only reasonable non-competes, and courts can narrow or void overly broad ones. The test, your options, and how to push back. 2026 guide.
Sexual HarassmentNot every bad boss creates a hostile work environment. What Ohio and federal law actually require to prove a claim, and the evidence that makes it stick.
Employment LawFiled an EEOC charge and not sure what comes next? The full process, from investigation and mediation to your right to sue, and how long each step takes.
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